Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a greenhouse gas (GHG) generated predominantly through the burning of fossil fuels. In the atmosphere, greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit thermal radiation that would otherwise escape into space. In proper concentrations, greenhouse gases help ensure the Earth remains at a habitable temperature—however, modern consumption of fossil fuels has resulted in excessive emissions of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases. This, in turn, has created a “greenhouse effect” in which too much heat is captured, which disrupts Earth’s carbon cycle and accelerates global warming.

Global warming and climate change have severe ecological impacts, including extreme weather events (floods, blizzards, storms), drought, sea-level rise, and disturbed water systems. CO2 emissions are a major part of each country’s overall greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to a country’s total pollution levels.